Eg the research question 'how effective is cognitive behavioural therapy treatment for school refusal'.
- There are two concepts: school refusal and cognitive behavioural therapy
- a list of terms could be:
Concept 1 |
Concept 2 |
school refusal |
cognitive behavioral therapy |
school avoidance |
CBT |
school phobia |
behavioral intervention |
A structured search approach would consider it like this:

In the database we would enter:
- Line 1 school refusal OR school avoidance OR school phobia
- Line 2 cognitive behavioural therapy OR CBT OR behavioural intervention
- Line 3 L1 AND L2
TRUNCATION and WILDCARD operators (see How to search #2 above) would deliver more results by finding word and spelling variations:
- Line 1 school refusal OR school avoidance OR school phobia
- Line 2 cognitive behavio* therapy OR CBT OR behavio?ral intervention*
- Line 3 L1 AND L2
The search could then be developed with more concepts:
- Line 1 school refusal OR school avoidance OR school phobia
- Line 2 cognitive behavio* therapy OR CBT OR behavio?ral intervention*
- Line 3 L1 AND L2
- Line 4 L3 AND Australia* (to find Australian literature in our results)
or
- Line 4 L3 AND qualitative (to find qualitative literature)