Library Guides
- Library
- Library Guides
- DRAFT APA format
- Journal Articles - no tables
Select the 'cc' on the video to turn on/off the captions.
Example:
Ruxton, C. (2016). Tea: Hydration and other health benefits. Primary Health Care, 26(8), 34-42. https://doi.org/10.7748/phc.2016.e1162
In-Text Example
"Black tea is the second most consumed beverage in the world after water” (Ruxton, 2016, p. 34).
OR
Ruxton (2016) suggests "Unsweetened tea can be part of a recommended diet” (p. 40).
Include page numbers for direct quotes.
In text paraphrase example:
Ruxton points out the benefits of black tea (2016).
Reference List Example
Ruxton, C. (2016). Tea: Hydration and other health benefits. Primary Health Care, 26(8), 34-42. https://doi.org/10.7748/phc.2016.e1162
Where a DOI is available it must be included at the end of the reference, in the format https://doi.org/10.xxxx
In-Text Example
... connection and optimism (Aspy & Proeve, 2017), but others contend ...
OR
Aspy and Proeve (2017) have found ...
Cite both authors each time the reference occurs.
Reference List Example
Aspy, D. J., & Proeve, M. (2017). Mindfulness and loving-kindness meditation: Effects on connectedness to humanity and to the natural world. Psychological Reports, 120(1), 102-117. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294116685867
In-Text Example
(Wilmott et al., 2018)
OR
Wilmott et al. (2018) noted that…
Cite only the surname of the first author followed by et al. and the year.
Reference List Example
Wilmott, C., Fraser, E., & Lammes, S. (2018). ‘I am he. I am he. Siri rules’: Work and play with the Apple Watch. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 21(1), 78-95. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549417705605
Provide the names of all authors in the reference list.
In-Text Example
Research indicated that "lost sense of smell is a factor" (Khan et al., 2017, p. 344).
OR
Khan et al. (2019) used criteria which included "reduced or lost sense of smell" (p. 344).
Cite only the surname of the first author followed by et al. and the year. Include page numbers for direct quotes.
Reference List Example
Khan, A., Huynh, T. M. T., Vandeplas, G., Joish, V. N., Mannent, L. P., Tomassen, P., van Zele, T., Cardell, L. O., Arebro, J., Olze, H., Forster-Ruhrmann, U., Kowalski, M. L., Olszewska-Ziaber, A., Fokkens, W., van Drunen, C., Mullol, J., Alobid, I., Hellings, P. W., Hox, V., … Bachert, C. (2019). The GALEN rhinosinusitis cohort: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps affects health-related quality of life. Rhinology, 57(5), 343-351. https://doi.org/10.4193/Rhin19.158
Provide the names of the first 19 authors, insert an ellipsis […] (but no ampersand [&]), then add the final author's name.
In-Text Example
Nairne and Wilkinson (2018) assert that "our relationship with ourselves is essential to how we each show up professionally" (p. 106).
OR
"Our relationship with ourselves is essential to how we each show up professionally" (Nairne & Wilkinson, 2018, p. 106).
Reference List Example
Nairne, D. C., & Wilkinson, H. (2018). What's love got to do with it? Vermont Connection, 39(1), 106-112.
An article retrieved from most Library databases that does not have a DOI can be presented as though it were a print article.
In-Text Example
The review included 78 trials employing a variety of intervention approaches (Hodder et al., 2019)
OR
Hodder et al. (2019) identified 78 relevant trials that employed a variety of intervention approaches.
Reference List Example
Hodder, R. K., O'Brien, K. M., Stacey, F. G., Tzelepis, F., Wyse, R. J., Bartlem, K. M., Sutherland, R., James, E. L., Barnes, C., & Wolfenden, L. (2019). Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008552.pub6
Articles in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews can only be retrieved from this database, therefore the name of the database (in italics) is included as the source of the article.
In-Text Example
Marion et al. (2018) explore whether evil characters in film share ...
OR
... including stereotypical depictions of evil characters in film (Marion et al., 2018).
Reference List Example
Marion, T., Reese, V., & Wagner, R. F. (2018). Dermatologic features in good film characters who turn evil: The transformation. Dermatology Online Journal, 24(9), Article 4. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1666h4z5
For an online journal article with no DOI (other than those retrieved from a Library database), provide the direct URL for the article. For journal issues with article numbers (rather than consecutive pagination) replace with page numbers with the word 'Article' followed by the article number or eLocator.
In-Text Example
… Aussie Rules is the people’s game (Duncan, 2016)…
OR
Duncan (2016) states that a sense of belonging…
Reference List Example
Duncan, S. (2016). Voices from the grandstands: The attitudes of Australian football fans towards the concept of creating, developing and binding communities. Sporting Traditions, 33(2), 19-40.
Note: Where a print journal article has a DOI you must include it, even though you did not access the electronic version.
In-Text Example
Marion et al. (2018) explore whether evil characters in film share ...
OR
... including stereotypical depictions of evil characters in film (Marion et al., 2018).
Reference List Example
Marion, T., Reese, V., & Wagner, R. F. (2018). Dermatologic features in good film characters who turn evil: The transformation. Dermatology Online Journal, 24(9), Article 4. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1666h4z5
For an online journal article with no DOI (other than those retrieved from a Library database), provide the direct URL for the article. For journal issues with article numbers (rather than consecutive pagination) replace with page numbers with the word 'Article' followed by the article number or eLocator.
In-Text Example
... in all outcomes (Christensen et al., 2019).
OR
Christensen et al. (2019) examine ...
For direct quotes of online material without pagination, name the sections and paragraph number:
The authors' "objective was to identify control journals that did not require data posting" (Christensen et al., 2019, Broad Analysis section, para. 4).
Reference List Example
Christensen, G., Dafoe, A., Miguel, E., Moore, D. A., & Rose, A. K. (2019). A study of the impact of data sharing on article citations using journal policies as a natural experiment. PLoS ONE, 14(2), Article e0225883. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225883
When you are referring to the ideas or words of an author who has been cited in another work. Also called 'secondary citation'. Only recommended where the original work cannot be obtained.
In-Text Example
Constituting a “global movement toward a more naturalistic approach for childbirth” (Goldbas, 2012, as cited in Sullivan & McGuiness, 2015, p. 20).
OR
Goldbas’s overview (2012, as cited in Sullivan & McGuiness, 2015) indicates…
Provide names of both authors. Where the year is known for the original work, include it as well as the year of the publication you read.
Reference List Example
Sullivan, D. H., & McGuiness, C. (2015). Natural labor pain management. International Journal of Childbirth Education, 30(2), 20-25. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/sn_pubs/51/