Standards and patents

Connect through to format examples which provide a review of each component that needs to be included in a reference.

Then move to the FURTHER EXAMPLES table with many examples of book and e-book format types. 

Basic format to reference a standard

[#]  Title of Standard, Standard number, Corporate author, location, date. 

or,

[#]  Title of Standard, Standard number, Year.

Referencing elements to cite:

• [#] Reference number (matching the in-text citation number)
• Title of standard, in italics
• Standard number
• Corporate author, if applicable 
• Location, if applicable
• Date or Year

[1]  Standard Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concrete's Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration, ASTM C1202-19, ASTM International, Washington, D.C., USA, Feb. 1, 2019. 

[2]    Safe Working on or Near Low-voltage Electrical Installations and Equipment, AS/NZS 4836:2011, 2011. 

[3]    Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Principles and framework AS ISO 14040, 2019.

Basic format to reference a print patent

[#]   Author(s) Initial(s). Surname(s), “Title of patent,” Patent’s country of origin and number xxxx, Abbrev. Month. Day, Year of Publication.

Referencing elements to cite:

• [#] Reference number (matching the in-text citation number)
• Author’s first initial. Author’s second initial, if provided. Author’s last name. If an individual author is not available, include the corporate author.
• Title of patent, in double quotation marks
• Patent’s country of origin and the patent’s number, i.e. Australian Patent xxxxx
• Abbreviated Month, Day and Year of publication. Refer to the Abbreviated month section for further information.

[4]     N. Tesla, "System of electrical distribution," United States Patent 390413, Oct. 2, 1888. 

Basic format to reference an online patent

If the patent was retrieved from a online database, such as IP Australia, Google Patents etc., and is available in an electronic format, reference it in the following manner:

[#]    Name of the Invention, by Inventor(s) Initial(s). Surname(s). (Year, Abbrev. Month Day). Patent Number [Type of medium]. Available: site/path/file

Referencing elements to cite:

• [#] Reference number (matching the in-text citation number)
• Title of patent, by Author’s first initial. Author’s second initial, if provided. Author’s last name. If an individual author is not available, include the corporate author
• Abbreviated Month, Day and Year of Publication. Refer to the Abbreviated month section for further information
• Patent’s country of origin and the patent’s number, i.e. Australian Patent xxxxx
• [Online]
• Available: site/path/file, i.e. the patent’s URL or database

[5]     Fixing system for an electrical plate, by Legrand Australia Pty Ltd. (2016, Dec. 22). Patent 2016905338 [Online]. Available: AusPat database